587 Page Notes

Surah Al-Infitar

Page 587 - Related Hadith/Sunnah

Translation of the meaning by Sahih International.

Surah Al-Mutafiffin

Translation of the meaning by Sahih International.

Page 587 - Related Hadiths and Sunnah

Surah Al-Infitar

Page 587 of the Quran contains the entirety of Surah Al-Infitar (The Cleaving Asunder, Chapter 82), spanning verses 1 through 19.

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This chapter acts as a continuation of the intense cosmic collapse detailed on the previous page, shifting focus to the shattering of the sky and the scattering of the planets. It features a profound rhetorical warning to humanity against being deceived by Allah's kindness, outlines the recording angels, and concludes with a definitive declaration regarding the absolute sovereignty of Allah on the Day of Recompense.

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The prophetic Sunnah expands heavily on the depth, implementation, and context of these 19 verses.

1. The Global Virtue: Witnessing the Last Day

Just like its predecessor, Surah Al-Infitar is structurally linked to a profound visual benefit explicitly noted by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Narrated Ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever wishes to look at the Day of Resurrection as if he is seeing it with his own two eyes, let him recite: 'Idha ash-shamsu kuwwirat' [Surah At-Takwir], 'Idha as-sama'un-fatarat' [Surah Al-Infitar], and 'Idha as-sama'un-shaqqat' [Surah Al-Inshiqaq].” (Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Hadith 3333 / Musnad Ahmad — Graded Sahih)

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2. Sunnah of Recitation: Easing Hardship in Congregation

The Sunnah preserves how this specific chapter should be leveraged in daily community life. The Prophet ﷺ categorized Surah Al-Infitar as a beautifully balanced chapter—long enough to impart weight, but short enough to protect the weak, elderly, or busy from hardship during lengthy prayers.

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: Mu'adh bin Jabal stood up and led the Isha (night) prayer, making it excessively lengthy. The Prophet ﷺ corrected him, saying: "Do you want to cause hardship to the people, O Mu'adh? Why didn't you recite 'Sabbihi Isma Rabbika al-A'la' [Surah Al-A'la], 'Wad-Duha' [Surah Ad-Duha], or 'Idha as-sama'un-fatarat' [Surah Al-Infitar]?" (Sunan an-Nasa'i, Hadith 997 / Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 705)

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3. Hadith Explanations of Specific Verses (Verses 1–19)

Verse 5: "A soul will know what it has put forth and kept back."

This verse highlights that on Judgment Day, every human being will face a ledger detailing the immediate and long-term ripple effects of their actions. The Prophet ﷺ famously explained the exact mechanism of this verse through a well-known formula regarding legacy:

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The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "If anyone establishes a good tradition (Sunnah) in Islam, he will have a reward for it and the equivalent of the rewards of those who act upon it after him, without theirs being diminished in any respect. But he who establishes a bad custom in Islam will bear the burden of it and the equivalent of the burdens of those who act upon it after him, without theirs being diminished in any respect." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1017a — Directly tied to the "what he left behind" of Verse 5 in classical Tafsir)

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Verses 6–8: "O man! What has deceived you concerning your Generous Lord?"

These verses gently rebuke mankind for interpreting Allah’s continuous generosity and patience as a green light to carelessly skip out on obedience.

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When the Prophet ﷺ recited verse 6, he inline-defined the root of this deception:

The Prophet ﷺ remarked upon reciting this verse: "His sheer ignorance deceived him." (Recorded in Tafsir al-Qurtubi and Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

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To further illustrate verse 7 and 8 ("Who created you, fashioned you perfectly... In whatever form He willed"), the Prophet ﷺ used a visceral, physical demonstration to ground his companions:

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Narrated Busr bin Jahhash: "One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spat in his palm. He then placed his finger on it and said: 'Allah the Mighty and Sublime says: O son of Adam! How can you escape Me when I have created you from something similar to this (fluid)? Yet, when I fashioned you, balanced you, and made your creation proportioned so that you walked elegantly between your garments, you went on to gather wealth and withhold it until your soul reached your throat at death, only then saying: I want to give charity now! But how is there time left for charity?'" (Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 17812 / Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 2707 — Graded Sahih)

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Verses 10–12: The Honorable Recording Angels (Kiraman Katibin)

"And indeed, over you are keepers, Noble and recording; They know whatever you do." (Quran 82:10-12)

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The Sunnah maps out how these recording angels report back to Allah, and how Allah utilizes their records to manifest His grace.

The Prophet ﷺ said: "There is nothing that the two Guardian Angels raise to Allah from what they have preserved in a day or a night, wherein Allah finds good written at both the beginning of the scroll and the end of the scroll, except that Allah Most High says: 'Bear witness that I have forgiven My servant for whatever occurred between the two ends of this scroll!'" (Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Hadith 981 / Recorded by Imam al-Bazzar)

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Verse 19: "The Day when no soul shall have power for another..."

Page 587 closes by confirming that family lineages, tribal status, and wealth hold absolute zero structural currency on that Day unless Allah grants explicit permission. The Prophet ﷺ acted upon this verse immediately in Makkah by delivering a raw, public announcement to his own bloodline:

The Prophet ﷺ stood up and called out: "O people of the Quraysh! Buy your own souls from Allah, for I cannot avail you anything against Allah. O children of Abd Manaf! I cannot avail you anything against Allah. O Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (the Prophet's uncle)! I cannot avail you anything against Allah. O Safiyyah (the Prophet's aunt)! I cannot avail you anything against Allah. O Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad! Ask me for whatever you wish of my wealth in this world, but I have no power to protect you from Allah in the least." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 4771 / Sahih Muslim, Hadith 206)

Summary of Reference Sources

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• Cosmic Vision and Virtues (Verses 1-4): Jami` at-Tirmidhi (Hadith 3333).
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• Congregational Moderation (Recitation Sunnah): Sunan an-Nasa'i (Hadith 997) and Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 705).

• Legacy and Ripple Effects (Verse 5): Sahih Muslim (Hadith 1017a).

• Proportionate Creation and Pride (Verses 6-8): Musnad Ahmad (Hadith 17812) and Tafsir Ibn Kathir.

• Angelic Ledgers (Verses 10-12): Jami` at-Tirmidhi (Hadith 981).

• The Final Warning to Kin (Verse 19): Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 4771) and Sahih Muslim (Hadith 206).

Surah Al-Mutaffifin

Page 587 of the Quran contains the final verse of Surah Al-Infitar before seamlessly transitioning into the opening of Surah Al-Mutaffifin (The Defrauding, Chapter 83).

Verses 1 through 4 serve as a fierce divine warning to corrupt business owners, merchants, and anyone who manipulates weights or metrics for financial gain:

“Woe to the defrauders (Al-Mutaffifin)! Those who, when they take a measure from people, take in full. But if they give by measure or by weight to them, they cause loss. Do they not think that they will be resurrected...?” — Quran 83:1-4

The prophetic Sunnah provides rich historical context (Asbab al-Nuzul) regarding how Madinah's economy was completely revolutionized by these four lines, alongside precise warnings regarding the spiritual and national consequences of marketplace fraud.

1. Context of Revelation: The Corrupt Market of Madinah

While there is a minor classical debate on whether this Surah is entirely Makkan or Madinan, the authoritative prophetic commentary locks down its historical drop point to the immediate days following the Hijrah (migration) to Madinah.

Before Islam, the city of Madinah was infamous for terrible marketplace integrity. The Companion Abdullah bin Abbas tracked exactly how these verses upended local trade:

Narrated Abdullah bin Abbas: "When the Prophet ﷺ arrived in Madinah, the local citizens were among the worst people in the entire region when it came to measuring and weighing goods. Shortly after his arrival, Allah revealed: 'Woe to the defrauders (Al-Mutaffifin)...'

Following the public broadcast of these verses, the people of Madinah radically corrected their behavior, and from that point onward, they gave excellent, perfectly fair measures and weights." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 2223 / Sunan al-Nasa'i — Graded Sahih)

2. Defining Tatfif (Shaving the Scale)

The Sunnah unpacks the linguistic and legal definition of Al-Mutaffifin used in verse 1. The word stems from Tafif, which implies something minor, small, or insignificant.

The Prophet's companions noted that a "defrauder" isn't necessarily a grand bank robber; rather, it's someone who pulls off tiny, imperceptible thefts—sneaking a few grams off a scale, rounding down grain amounts, or subtly misrepresenting product volume. They demand absolute perfection when they are the buyers (verse 2), but purposefully shortchange when they act as the sellers (verse 3).

3. Collective National Consequences of Defrauding

The Sunnah elevates marketplace cheating from a minor, individual sin to a massive national security issue. The Prophet ﷺ explicitly warned his companions that when a society tolerates the exact behavior outlawed in verses 1-3, Allah shifts macro-environmental conditions as a direct consequence.

Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said, "O company of migrants! There are five trials with which you may be afflicted...

...They do not cheat, shortchange, or decrease in weights and measures except that they are punished with a multi-year famine, severe economic hardship, and the harsh tyranny of their rulers. And they do not withhold the Zakat (charity) from their wealth except that rain is withheld from the sky, and were it not for the sake of the innocent animals, they would never receive rain at all." (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 4019 / Al-Mustadrak of Al-Hakim — Graded Sahih)

4. Verse 4: The Root Cause of Market Fraud

"Do such people not think that they will be resurrected?" (Quran 83:4)

The Prophet ﷺ heavily emphasized that business fraud is fundamentally a theological problem, not a financial one. A merchant only brings himself to shave a scale because he treats accountability as an abstract concept rather than an imminent physical event.

The Sunnah bridges verse 4 with the verses that immediately follow it on the next page, detailing how humans will stand in absolute terror before the Lord of the Worlds. The Prophet ﷺ noted that on that "Great Day," people will stand trapped in their own sweat up to their knees, waists, or even mouths based on the gravity of their hidden earthly injustices (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 6539 / Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2864).

Summary of Reference Sources

• The Madinah Migration & Market Reform (Verses 1-3): Sunan Ibn Majah (Book of Business Transactions, Hadith 2223).

• Famine and Economic Disaster as Punishments: Sunan Ibn Majah (Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019).

• The Great Day & The Stand (Verse 4): Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 6539) and Sahih Muslim (Hadith 2864).