547 Page Notes

59 Surah Al-Hashr (continued)

Page 547 - Related Hadith/Sunnah

Translation of the meaning by Sahih International.

Page 547 - Related Hadiths and Sunnah

Page 545 concludes and transitions into page 546 with Surah Al-Hashr, verses 10 through 16. Having praised the Emigrants (Muhajirun) and the Helpers (Ansar) in the preceding verses, the Qur'an transitions into a universal prayer for all future generations of Muslims (Verse 10), before shifting focus to the deceptive psychological warfare and broken promises of the hypocrites (Munafiqun) who tried to instigate the Jewish tribes against the Prophet ﷺ (Verses 11–16).

1. Verse 10: The Prayer of the Future Generations

"And [there is a share for] those who came after them, saying, 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed...'" (Qur'an 59:10)

The Sunnah Context

This verse establishes a permanent spiritual bond between all subsequent generations of Muslims and the early Companions (Sahabah). The Sunnah explicitly warns against violating the spirit of this verse by insulting or harboring hatred toward the generation that preserved the religion.

• The Prohibition of Insulting the Sahabah: In Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 3673) and Sahih Muslim, Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (ra) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:
  "Do not insult my companions, for by Him in Whose Hand is my soul, if one of you were to spend the like of Mount Uhud in gold, it would not reach a muddy (handful) of one of them, nor even half of it."

• The Legal Application on Treasury (Fay'): Imam Malik utilized Verse 10 alongside Verses 8 and 9 to deduce a massive legal precedent regarding state endowments. He ruled that the public treasury of the Islamic state cannot be distributed to anyone who insults or curses the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ, because Allah categorized the legitimate beneficiaries into three groups: the Muhajirun, the Ansar, and "those who came after them, praying for their forgiveness." Anyone who curses them excludes themselves from this third divine category.

2. Verses 11–14: The False Promises of the Hypocrites

"Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, 'If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you.' But Allah testifies that they are liars." (Qur'an 59:11)

The Sunnah Context

The historical details of this text are preserved in the Sirah (prophetic biography) traditions from Ibn Ishaq and documented by Ibn Kathir. Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul (the leader of the hypocrites) secretly sent a messenger to the besieged Banu Nadir, telling them: "Hold your ground and stay in your fortresses. We have 2,000 men ready to enter your forts to die with you. If you are expelled, we leave with you; if you are attacked, we fight with you."

• The Reality of Cowardice: Driven by these false reassurances, the Banu Nadir refused the Prophet’s initial terms of peaceful departure, which elongated the siege. However, when the fighting intensified, Abdullah ibn Ubayy completely abandoned them.

• This cowed retreat matches the exact prophecy in Verses 12–13: "If they are expelled, they will not leave with them, and if they are fought, they will not aid them... You [believers] are more intense in causing fear in their hearts than Allah."

• The Hadith on Treacherous Unity: Verse 14 states: "Their violence among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse." In Sahih Muslim (Hadith 65), the Prophet ﷺ consistently warned the Muslims against internal friction that mimics this hypocritical trait, saying: "Do not differ, lest your hearts differ."

3. Verses 15–16: The Parable of Satan’s Betrayal

"Like the example of Satan when he says to man, 'Disbelieve.' And when he has disbelieved, he says, 'Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds.'" (Qur'an 59:16)

The Sunnah Context

To illustrate how the hypocrites lured the Banu Nadir to ruin and then abandoned them, Allah uses the cosmic archetype of Satan deceiving mankind. Classical commentators and Hadith compilers highlight a specific historical backdrop that matches this psychological pattern.

• The Betrayal at Badr: Scholars note this verse mirrors what Satan did to the pagan Quraish during the Battle of Badr, as detailed in structural Sunnah traditions. Satan appeared to the Quraish in the physical form of a powerful tribal chief named Suraqah ibn Malik, telling them: "No one can overcome you today, and I am your protector." But when the battle commenced and Satan saw the angels descending to assist the Muslims, he turned on his heels and fled, shouting: "I see what you do not see; I fear Allah!" (This incident is cross-referenced in Surah Al-Anfal, Verse 48).

• The Universal Warning: In Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 3268), the Prophet ﷺ warned about the daily application of this tactic: "When the call to prayer is made, Satan flees... when it is finished he returns to whisper into the heart of the person, saying 'Remember such and such, remember such and such,' until the person forgets how many rak'ahs he has prayed."

• The Sunnah frames Verse 16 as an urgent warning: relying on un-Islamic alliances or deceptive promises leads to a trap where the instigator vanishes the moment the consequences arrive.