406 Page Notes

30 Surah Ar-Rum (continued)

Page 406 - Related Hadith/Sunnah

Translation of the meaning by Sahih International.

Page 406 - Related Hadiths and Sunnah

Page 406 of the Quran comprises Surah Ar-Rum (The Romans, Chapter 30), Verses 16 through 24. This critical passage contrasts the fate of the believers and disbelievers on the Day of Judgment (Verses 16–19) and proceeds into a famous sequence of verses detailing the cosmological, biological, and psychological Ayat (Signs) of God's existence and power (Verses 20–24) (Faisal Purnomosidi et al., 2024).

The Prophetic traditions (Hadith and Sunnah) contextualize these verses by expanding on themes of the afterlife, marital harmony, human diversity, and natural phenomena.

1. The Day of Judgment and Accountability (Verses 16–19)

"And as for those who disbelieved and denied Our signs and the meeting of the Hereafter, those will be brought into the punishment [to remain]. So sojourn in happiness in a green meadow..." (Quran 30:16-17)

These introductory verses outline the severe reality of cosmic accountability and the joy of the believers in Paradise compared to the restriction of the disbelievers (Ullah, 2025).

• The "Green Meadow" (Rawdah): Classical commentators connect the concept of a delightful, blossoming garden (Rawdah) where believers rejoice to several statements made by the Prophet ﷺ regarding the intermediate state of the soul (the grave). In a widely cited tradition, the Prophet ﷺ stated:
  "The grave is either a garden from the gardens of Paradise (Rawdah min Riyad al-Jannah) or a pit from the pits of the Hellfire." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 2460)

• The Continuous Cycle of Life and Death (Verse 19): Verse 19 states that Allah "brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living." (Ullah, 2025). The Prophet ﷺ routinely used the imagery of spring vegetation emerging from barren earth to explain resurrection. In a lengthy Hadith regarding the end of times, he explained that humans will be resurrected when a rain falls from the sky that causes bodies to sprout from their tailbones (‘Ajb al-Dhanab) just like green vegetables sprout from the dead earth (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 4814; Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2955).

2. Marriage, Tranquility, and Affection (Verse 21)

"And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between you..." (Quran 30:21)

This verse is the foundational scriptural text for Islamic family law and marital ethics, introducing the concepts of Sakinah (tranquility), Mawaddah (passionate love/affection), and Rahmah (mercy) (Darmawan et al., 2024; Mohseni & Ebrahimi, 2024).

• Practical Sunnah for Marital Harmony: The Prophet's ﷺ entire domestic life serves as the practical application of this verse (Imanda, 2025). He strictly emphasized implementing Rahmah (mercy) and Mawaddah within the household. In his Farewell Pilgrimage sermon, he commanded:
  "Fear Allah concerning women! Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1218)

• The Metric of Goodness: To ensure Sakinah (tranquility) is preserved, the Prophet ﷺ tied a man's spiritual excellence directly to how he treats his spouse (Mohseni & Ebrahimi, 2024):
  "The most complete of believers in faith is the one with the best character, and the best of you are those who are best to their wives." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 1162)

3. The Diversity of Tongues and Colors (Verse 22)

"And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages and your colors: verily in that are Signs for those who know." (Quran 30:22)

This verse positions human racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity not as a curse or an evolutionary accident, but as an intentional divine sign (Ayah) to be appreciated (Aderibigbe et al., 2023; Tanjung, 2026).

• The Abolition of Racism in the Sunnah: The Prophet ﷺ explicitly invoked the philosophy of this verse during his Farewell Sermon to eradicate tribalism and racial supremacy:
  "O people! Verily your Lord is One and your father (Adam) is one. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety (Taqwa)." (Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 23489)

• The Primordial Creation: In Hadith literature, the variation of human colors mentioned in Verse 22 is explained by the physical composition of the earth from which Adam was created:
  "Allah created Adam from a handful of dust taken from all over the earth. Therefore, the children of Adam came forth according to the earth; some of them are red, white, black, and blended; some are smooth, rough, bad, and good." (Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith 4693; Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 2955)

4. Sleep, Provision, Lightning, and Rain (Verses 23–24)

"And among His signs is your sleep by night and day and your seeking of His bounty... And among His signs is that He shows you the lightning, causing fear and hope, and He sends down rain from the sky..." (Quran 30:23-24)

These verses deal with human physiology (sleep as a mechanism of rest), economics (seeking sustenance/bounty), and meteorology as signs of divine design.

• The Sunnah of Sleep: The Prophet ﷺ treated sleep (mentioned in Verse 23) as a minor form of death and temporary spiritual withdrawal. Whenever he lay down to sleep, he practiced specific supplications aligning with this concept:
  "In Your name, O Allah, I die and I live." And upon waking, he would say: "Praise be to Allah who gave us life after He caused us to die, and to Him is the ultimate resurrection." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 6324)

• The Sunnah During Lightning and Rain: Verse 24 references lightning causing "fear and hope." The Sunnah mirrors this emotional dualism. When winds blew hard or lightning flashed, the Prophet’s countenance would alter out of fear of divine punishment. When it rained, he would rejoice, sometimes uncovering a part of his garment to let the rain touch his skin, stating:
  "It has just recently come from its Lord." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 898) When he heard thunder or lightning, he would stop speaking and supplicate: "O Allah, do not kill us with Your wrath, and do not destroy us with Your punishment, and pardon us before that." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 3450)

References

Aderibigbe, S. A., Idriz, M., Alzouebi, H., AlOthman, H., Hamdi, W. B., & Companioni, A. A. (2023). Fostering tolerance and respect for diversity through the fundamentals of Islamic education. Religions, 14(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020212 

Darmawan, A., Mustofa, A., & Mollah, M. K. (2024). Al Mawaddah in the Quran (A thematic interpretation perspective). AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora, 5(1), 338-356. 

Faisal Purnomosidi, M., Nirwana AN, A., & Butlam, Q. (2024). The application of the principle of coherence in Al-Hashr: Perspective of Qawaid Tafsir by Kholid bin Utsman Al-Sabt. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 25(1), 15-32.

Imanda, M. F. R. (2025). The concept of the Prophet in building domestic harmony (A study of family law Hadith analysis in Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim). Jurnal Hakam, 4(1). 

Mohseni, N. S., & Ebrahimi, E. (2024). The requirements of maintaining tranquility, affection, and mercy in the family according to verse 21 of Surah «Rum» emphasizing the point of view of Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī. Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies, 6(1), 105-114. 

Tanjung, N. (2026). Individual differences in Islam and psychology perspectives. Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 3(1). Cited by: 0

Ullah, B. S. A. (2025). Belief in the Hereafter and the concept of resurrection in Surah Ar-Rum. Advance Social Science Archive Journal, 4(1).